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As the virtual machine will most probably expect to see a hard disk built into its virtual computer, Oracle VM VirtualBox must be able to present real storage to the guest as a virtual hard disk. There are presently three methods by which to achieve this:. Oracle VM VirtualBox can use large image files on a real hard disk and present them to a guest as a virtual hard disk. This is the most common method, described in Section 5. This is described in Section 5. You can allow a virtual machine to access one of your host disks directly.
This is an advanced feature, described in Section 9. Each such virtual storage device, such as an image file, iSCSI target, or physical hard disk, needs to be connected to the virtual hard disk controller that Oracle VM VirtualBox presents to a virtual machine.
This is explained in the next section. Initially, this interface worked only with hard disks, but was later extended to also support CD-ROM drives and other types of removable media. In physical PCs, this standard uses flat ribbon parallel cables with 40 or 80 wires.
Each such cable can connect two devices, called device 0 and device 1, to a controller. Typical PCs had two connectors for such cables. As a result, support for up to four IDE devices was most common: primary device 0, primary device 1, secondary device 0, and secondary device 1. In Oracle VM VirtualBox, each virtual machine may have one IDE controller enabled, which gives you up to four virtual storage devices that you can attach to the machine.
However, you can change the default setting. This makes no difference in terms of performance, but if you import a virtual machine from another virtualization product, the OS in that machine may expect a particular controller type and crash if it is not found. Compared to IDE, it supports both much higher speeds and more devices per controller. Also, with physical hardware, devices can be added and removed while the system is running.
One virtual SATA controller is created by default, and the default disk that is created with a new VM is attached to this controller. Legacy Windows versions such as Windows XP, even with SP3 installed, will not see such disks unless you install additional drivers. The new controller appears as a separate PCI device in the virtual machine, and you can add virtual disks to it.
SCSI is as a generic interface for data transfer between all kinds of devices, including storage devices. SCSI is still used for connecting some hard disks and tape devices, but it has mostly been displaced in commodity hardware.
It is still in common use in high-performance workstations and servers. The new controller appears as a separate PCI device in the virtual machine. Windows XP ships with drivers for neither. As opposed to SCSI physical devices, serial cables are used instead of parallel cables. This simplifies physical device connections.
At this time, up to devices can be connected to the SAS controller. The USB mass storage device class is a standard to connect external storage devices like hard disks or flash drives to a host through USB. All major OSes support these devices and ship generic drivers making third-party drivers superfluous.
While most storage controllers appear as a single PCI device to the guest with multiple disks attached to it, the USB-based storage controller does not appear as virtual storage controller. Each disk attached to the controller appears as a dedicated USB device to the guest. OSes need to support NVMe devices to make use of them. For example, Windows 8. For Windows 7, native support was added with an update.
Recent Linux and Windows versions support these devices, but Windows needs additional drivers. Currently virtio-scsi controller support is experimental. The virtio-scsi controller will only be seen by OSes with device support for it. In particular, there is no built-in support in Windows. So Windows will not see such disks unless you install additional drivers. Four slots attached to the traditional IDE controller, which are always present.
Up to slots attached to the virtio-scsi controller, if enabled and supported by the guest OS. Given this large choice of storage controllers, you may not know which one to choose.
In general, you should avoid IDE unless it is the only controller supported by your guest. The variety of controllers is only supplied by Oracle VM VirtualBox for compatibility with existing hardware and other hypervisors.
Disk image files reside on the host system and are seen by the guest systems as hard disks of a certain geometry. Like a physical disk, a virtual disk has a size, or capacity, which must be specified when the image file is created. As opposed to a physical disk however, Oracle VM VirtualBox enables you to expand an image file after creation, even if it has data already.
See Section 8. This format is used when you create a new virtual machine with a new disk. Image files of Parallels version 2 HDD format are also supported. Due to lack of documentation of the format, newer versions such as 3 and 4 are not supported. You can however convert such image files to version 2 format using tools provided by Parallels.
Irrespective of the disk capacity and format, as mentioned in Section 1. If you create a fixed-size image, an image file will be created on your host system which has roughly the same size as the virtual disk's capacity.
So, for a 10 GB disk, you will have a 10 GB file. Note that the creation of a fixed-size image can take a long time depending on the size of the image and the write performance of your hard disk. Dynamically allocated. For more flexible storage management, use a dynamically allocated image. This will initially be very small and not occupy any space for unused virtual disk sectors, but will grow every time a disk sector is written to for the first time, until the drive reaches the maximum capacity chosen when the drive was created.
While this format takes less space initially, the fact that Oracle VM VirtualBox needs to expand the image file consumes additional computing resources, so until the disk file size has stabilized, write operations may be slower than with fixed size disks. However, after a time the rate of growth will slow and the average penalty for write operations will be negligible.
These are often referred to as known media and come from two sources:. The known media can be viewed and changed using the Virtual Media Manager , which you can access from the File menu in the VirtualBox Manager window. The known media are conveniently grouped in separate tabs for the supported formats. These formats are:. For each image, the Virtual Media Manager shows you the full path of the image file and other information, such as the virtual machine the image is currently attached to.
For virtual hard disks, the Create Virtual Hard Disk wizard is shown. This enables you to create a virtual ISO from selected files on the host. For floppy disks, the Floppy Disk Creator screen is shown. Copy an image to create another one. Move an image to another location. If you use a file management feature of the host OS to move a disk image to a new location, run the VBoxManage modifymedium --setlocation command to configure the new path of the disk image on the host file system.
Remove an image from the known media. You can optionally delete the image file when removing the image. Release an image to detach it from a VM. This action only applies if the image is currently attached to a VM as a virtual hard disk. Search for an image by name or UUID. View and edit the Properties of a disk image. Type: Specifies the snapshot behavior of the disk. See Section 5.
Location: Specifies the location of the disk image file on the host system. You can use a file dialog to browse for the disk image location. Description: Specifies a short description of the disk image. Size: Specifies the size of the disk image. You can use the slider to increase or decrease the disk image size.
Information: Specifies detailed information about the disk image. Refresh the property values of the selected disk image. To perform these actions, highlight the medium in the Virtual Media Manager and then do one of the following:. Use the Storage page in a VM's Settings dialog to create a new disk image.
By default, disk images are stored in the VM's folder. You can copy hard disk image files to other host systems and then import them in to VMs from the host system. However, some Windows guest OSes may require that you configure the new VM in a similar way to the old one.
Do not simply make copies of virtual disk images. See Section 1. For each virtual disk image supported by Oracle VM VirtualBox, you can determine separately how it should be affected by write operations from a virtual machine and snapshot operations.
By default, images are in normal mode.
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